Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Authoritative Behavior - Essay Example Improving as a pioneer is a significant and noble purpose. Great pioneers can rouse and improve the exhibition of the workers. Being an alluring pioneer can be advantageous, yet appealling administration isn't the main viable type of authority. Other initiative styles, for example, transformational and value-based administration can enable a director to lead an organization in a profitable way. Social speculations and situational possibility hypotheses can likewise be utilized by directors to improve initiative. Working environment assorted variety is a basic driver of advancement in an association. The explanation that assorted variety helps encourage development is on the grounds that a differing workforce is more innovative than a homogeneous workforce. The human asset division is answerable for recruiting an assorted workforce structure inside a venture. I accept that a great deal of creative organizations have a different workforce. Because of the globalization development numerous worldwide firms work in different nations at the same time. These organizations must be proficient at managing workforce assorted variety issues. Imagination inside a workforce prompts item development. Do you believe that inspiration is best encouraged with outward rewards, for example, cash or do you imagine that associations and pioneers ought to endeavor to create natural inspiration (love of occupation, having any kind of effect, and so forth.)? I accept that the best spark is the utilization of extraneous prizes. Individuals at work are spurred by money related prizes. Some monetary rewards regularly utilized by enterprises incorporate rewards, commissions, and investment opportunity plans. Characteristic prizes can be powerful as an optional sort of inspiration. A firm can turn out to be more â€Å"asshole resistant† by enrolling workers that have solid good character. The usage of a code of morals can make guidelines of direct that the workers of an organization must follow. High moral lead is attractive in all the

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Health Provider and Faith Diversity Free Essays

Human services Provider and Faith Diversity Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity Delia Stoica Grand Canyon University: HLT-310V February 4, 2012 Abstract The accompanying paper portrays three distinct religions: Judaism, Islam and Hinduism. It will detail the profound point of view on mending that every one of the three of the religions have. A portrayal of what is essential to their mending and what is significant for the human services supplier to know in thinking about individuals of these religions. We will compose a custom article test on Wellbeing Provider and Faith Diversity or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Likewise there will be a rundown of how these beliefs vary from Christianity. Presentation The United States is known as a â€Å"melting pot†. This is because of all the various nationalities and religions that are found in our nation. As social insurance suppliers we are confronted with attempting to see all the various societies we experience regularly in a clinic setting. There are a wide range of beliefs, some are notable, for example, Christianity and some are not exactly so referred to, for example, Hinduism. Various religions have various standards and guidelines that they follow. Knowing all the complex intricate details of each religion will be outlandish, yet that ought not prevent somebody from attempting to become familiar with everything they can in regards to the patients they are thinking about. Everybody has presumably known about Judaism, Islam and Hinduism, yet that doesn't imply that a medical caretaker or doctor would know all the things that would be distinctive with respect to thinking about patients of these various beliefs. Hinduism is the third biggest religion on the planet. There are six significant methods of reasoning in the Hindu religion. One of the significant one is Vedanta. Vedanta instructs that â€Å" that man’s genuine nature is divine, and that the point of human life is to acknowledge heavenliness through sacrificial work, dedication to God, control of the internal powers, and separation between the genuine and the incredible. It perceives that Truth is one and acknowledges all religions, appropriately comprehended, as legitimate methods for understanding reality (Guidelines, 2002)†. Hindus accept that the body is only a vehicle for the spirit, and that when the body kicks the bucket the spirit moves to another body until it can at last get the chance to be joined with God. They perceive that demise is a characteristic piece of life and the genuine self doesn't kick the bucket when the body passes on. There are a ton of things that the religion acknowledges which are a piece of the Western clinical practices. Looking for clinical consideration is something that Hindus will do, however they accept that Western medications tends to overmedicate their patients, particularly with anti-infection agents which could make them reluctant to begin a forceful treatment plan. A few people of this religion may rehearse Ayurvedo or homeopathy to fix a few issues. This religion takes into account blood transfusions and organ transplantation/gifts. There is no standard against playing out a dissection if necessary. Since this religion rehearses humility, ladies may want to be analyzed by a doctor of a similar sex. Hindus are extremely social and family situated. It is significant that the family be engaged with the treatment and care of the patient. Ladies of the Hindu religion wear a red spot on their temple to represent that they are hitched, some additionally wear neckbands, wristbands or toe-rings, which are not to be removed, this is something that should be thought of if there is a requirement for a system, for example, a MRI that requires all metals to be evacuated. Men of this confidence wear a â€Å"sacred thread† which is never expected to be expelled. Numerous Hindus are exacting veggie lovers and won't eat hamburger or meat items, assuming there is any chance of this happening they ought to be permitted to bring food from home except if there is a dietary limitation. In circumstances where there is a finish of-life issue, family should be included. Hindus don't have confidence in misleadingly delaying life and may like to kick the bucket at home. Since Hindus practice incineration and it should be done inside 24 hours of death it is important that all the administrative work is all together rapidly. Judaism is probably the most established religion still around today. There are Orthodox and non-Orthodox Jewish supporters. Standard Jews carefully adhere to every single conventional law of the religion. The confidence holds clinical specialists in high respects and even may disrupt a few norms if clinical specialists accept that it might be life sparing. Most Jewish individuals watch the Sabbath, which is from twilight on Friday to nightfall on Saturday, in which they are not permitted to work. In such manner a Jewish patient would not have the option to compose, utilize the catch for a PCA siphon, drive or even turn on a light switch. As human services ractitioners we have to remember that when thinking about patients during this time. The food they eat is â€Å"kosher† nourishments, which implies that there are unique methods of planning meat. Pork, fish and gelatin are not permitted nor is meat and milk together. Care should be taken with readiness of these nourishments for these patients, as social insurance suppliers we have to remember this isn't only an issue of them being critical however a critical piece of their religion. Men in this religion may wear yarmulkes â€Å"skull caps† during petition and some may wear it constantly (Handbook, 2000). We have to consider up to 10 individuals in the room during supplication. When managing end-of-life issues there are profound discussions in regards to retaining or pulling back of life-sparing treatment and families might need to counsel a rabbi before settling on any choices. The Jewish confidence necessitates that internments happen rapidly after death and post-mortems at not allowed except if legally necessary. There is a necessity that a relative or agent of the family stay with the body consistently after death until internment, and furthermore that removed appendages be accessible for entombment. Islam The Islamic religion is gradually getting perhaps the biggest religion out there. Individuals who follow the Islamic religion are known as Muslims. Islam accepts are â€Å" that all occasions, including wellbeing occasions, are the desire of God, Muslim patients might be bound to show acknowledgment of troublesome conditions and be agreeable with the directions of medicinal services suppliers (Healthcare Providers, 2010)†. It is accepted that the safeguarding of life supersedes all rules, rules and limitations. This confidence requires outrageous unobtrusiveness and for men all body parts between the maritime and knees should be secured, for lady everything except the face, hands and feet ought to be secured consistently when within the sight of anybody outside their family. Muslims are required to supplicate five times each day on a petition tangle confronting Mecca. Patients that are sick can be pardoned from petition in the event that it is medicinally esteemed that it is hindering to their wellbeing. Patients are required by their confidence to perform bathing with water before petitions and after pee and crap. Islamic guideline is that you utilize your left hand for filthy and right hand for clean obligations. Muslims will like to utilize their correct hand to eat and as a human services supplier on the off chance that you are taking care of a Muslim patient it is favored that you likewise utilize your correct hand. Islam has an extremely severe principle in regards to utilization of specific nourishments. Nourishments that are not allowed incorporate pork, or pork subsidiaries and liquor or liquor containing nourishments. This could be a difficult when giving certain drug that contains pork or liquor. Suppliers ought to know about the prescription given to a patient that is Muslim with the end goal for them to follow the halal eating routine. Islam considers passing to be a characteristic piece of life. They don't expect treatment to be given in the event that it will just draw out a terminal disease. During end-of-life care, families might need to implore with the patient at bedside. This religion precludes dissections, except if legally necessary. In the Islamic confidence, entombment needs to occur as quickly as time permits in the afterlife. The body ought to be washed by a relative or delegate of the family and not by clinic staff, the body likewise should be secured by a sheet and face Mecca assuming there is any chance of this happening. Looking into The past religions examined all have certain guidelines that should be followed with regards to managing medicinal services. Christianity by and large doesn't put any limitations on human services suppliers. Certain Christian beliefs, for example, Jehovah’s Witnesses don't permit blood transfusions since they feel it isn't a piece of their body. The three religions examined feel that anything that should be possible to safe the individual ought to be done and that life is significant. Strangely enough Hinduism, Judaism and Islamic beliefs all have limitations on food that they regard unclean. The main Christian religions that have limitations on food are Catholics and Orthodox Christians, which don't eat meat during Passover. There are numerous contrasts among Christianity and different religions and not very numerous likenesses with regards to social insurance. End In doing the examination for this paper, there have been a great deal of valid statements raised with respect to dealing with patients that are of an unexpected confidence in comparison to myself. It is critical to me as an individual and as a medical caretaker to know who my patients are and what their convictions and beliefs are. So as to have the option to deal with a patient, truly and sincerely we have to know the limitations that we may look in our regular dealings with them. Working in a medical clinic that sees a huge measure of individuals from everywhere throughout the world it is essential to remember religion and culture when giving consideration. Having the option to do research and discovering all the principles and necessities is an incredible instructive device to utilize and will make your patients increasingly able to believe you in the event that they see that you comprehend what they are accustomed to. References Bennion, R. (2000). Handbook on social, otherworldly and strict convictions. South Devon Healthcare. Recovered February

Thursday, August 13, 2020

Tangled Sounds

Tangled Sounds When the music stops, you remove the earbuds from your ears and carefully wrap the cord around your hand, returning the headphones to your pocket. But when you reach for them hours later, they are a complex puzzle of tangled wire. This happens nearly nearly every time you extract the cord from your pocket: the thing you put away neatly is now a jumbled mess, leaving you unable to hear the music. Isnt this also true for the auditory clutter we experience every day? We often make room for calm and unencumbered peace. We establish routines for mediation. We create interstitial zones for solace. Then we shove this serenity in our pockets and go about our busy days as normal. Meetings and phone calls and emails. Glowing screens and interruptions and noise. Everyday life can get in the way of tranquility, and when we reach into the metaphorical pockets of our head, we find only a mind disquieted by nonstop thoughts, leaving us unable to hear the beautiful euphony of silence. We needn’t give up, though. With our headphones, we simply take a moment to untangle the cord when we need them again. Perhaps the same can be accomplished with quiet. When were overwhelmed by the clamor of our day-to-day routine, we can take a moment to untangle our mind from the noise. Sit. Notice. Breathe in. Pause. Breath out. Let go. Untangle. Sure, the chaos is out there, but it can wait. The silence is right here, right now. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Patriarchy - Definition in the Study of Sociology

Definition: A patriarchy is a social system in which family systems or entire societies are organized around the idea of father-rule, where males are the primary authority figures.

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

The Death Of Michael Brown - 1585 Words

In the summer of 2014, 18-year-old Michael Brown was fatally shot by Ferguson police officer Darren Wilson. After the shooting, there had been conflicting reports by police and eyewitnesses about what exactly happened. Officer Wilson insist Brown was confrontational throughout the encounter, while eyewitnesses say Brown has his hands up trying to surrender before he was shot and killed. Following the Grand jury’s decision not to indict officer Wilson over the shooting of Michael Brown and similar cases of officer-involved shootings and brutality such as the death of Eric Garden in Staten Island, New York, politicians, family advocates, civil rights activists, and law enforcement officials have called for police across the country to adopt the use of body-worm cameras. Although there are many who feel police body cameras present a challenge to privacy and safety issues for both cops and civilians, by recording police-citizen encounters, it increases transparency and accountabi lity of officers and the video recorded by body cams protect any false accusations, police misconduct, officials can get clear evidence of what happened instead of relying on hearsay. In May of 2015, the Department of Justice and President Obama announced a $20 million dollar Body-Worn Camera (BWC) Pilot Partnership Program to respond to law enforcement and to the communities they serve. The proposal called to purchase 50,000 body-worn cameras to be use by forShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of Michael Brown823 Words   |  4 PagesSince these events, however, law enforcement body cameras have been the talk of the nation. With regards to the case concerning the death of Michael Brown, many individuals across the country sternly believe that if there had been actual footage of the shooting that day, Officer Wilson would have been indicted for his actions. With that said, since this specific incident, 30 out of 54 Ferguson police officers have actually began wearing body cameras (Ponsi). Some proponents argue that body camerasRead MoreThe Case Of Michael Brown s Death1102 Words   |  5 PagesOn August 14, 2014, the infamous case of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, took place. A police officer shot an unarmed black teenager after an incident which was clouded in unclear details. At first, no one really knew whether the officer had been in the right to shoot Brown, or what the circumstances were for either side of the incident. However, eventually, the details started to not matter. The events around Michael Brown’s case became the spark that ignited a nationwide movement to fightRead MoreThe Death Of Michael Brown And The Charleston Shooting810 Words   |  4 PagesHave you been watching the news lately? What has taken place around the world? Have you heard about the death of Michael Brown and the Charleston shooting? Do you think African American has been targeted by policemen? How you feel about the African American response? Social network is racing with ridiculous stories of white on black crime. African American are being targeted all around the world. The tension has increased as the time has pass by. Police men are thought to save and protect all ofRead MorePolice Misconduct And The Shooting Death Of Michael Brown861 Words   |  4 Pagesshootings. One major events that drew national attention, caused problems, and put strains on police-community relations involved the shooting death of Michael Brown. On August 9, 2014 Michael Brown, an unarmed black teen male, was shot multiple times by Officer Darren Wilson, a white Ferguson, Missouri police officer. The shooting death of Michael Brown brought about days of public protest and outrage. When the St. Louis County prosecutor refused to bring charges and announced that a grand juryRead MoreMichael Brown And The Police Officer1095 Words   |  5 PagesFerguson, Missouri, an 18 year old man named Michael Brown was shot ten times and killed by a police officer. The police officer’s name is Darren Wilson. He was 28 year s old at the time this tragic even took place. Many Americans, both black and white believe that officer Wilson is guilty of first degree murder when he shot Michael Brown, and other Americans believe he acted in self-defense. Because of the fact that the officer is white and Michael Brown was black, the case has stirred up plenty ofRead MorePolice Brutality Of African Americans1405 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years police brutality towards African Americans has increased. This violence has resulted in riots across the United States. The August 2014 death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri many Americans, some who are former Civil Rights activists, have spoken out against police brutality. Black Lives Matter states that the movement’s goal is to bring justice to the present unjust police killings of African Americans. Looking at prior cases of brutality and its connection to racial profilingRead MoreRacial Hierarchy Of Ferguson Shooting Incident1267 Words   |  6 PagesOn August 9th, 2014, Michael Brown, an innocent young black teenager was murdered in Ferguson, Missouri by Darren Wilson, a white police officer. Since the dashboard cameras are not installed in Ferguson police cars, the clear evidence of what happened is still unclear. But based on the testament of Brown’s friend Johnson who was walking with Brown, they were ordered to move off the street onto sidewalks by Wilson driving a police car, and there were struggles between Michael and Wilson through theRead MoreRacism : The Black Lives Matter1202 Words   |  5 Pagescontaining many unnecessary black deaths. A blacklivesmatter.com article states that, #BlackLivesMatter was created in 2012 after Trayvon Martin s murderer, George Zimmerman, was acquitted for his crime, and dead 17-year old Trayvon was posthumously placed on trial for his own murder. (â€Å"Black Lives Matter†). Black Lives Matter began with multiple shootings, one of which was the killing of Michael Brown. Brown was walking down the street with a friend when he was shot to death by a Ferguson police officerRead MoreWe See Black Americans Losing Their Life1320 Words   |  6 Pagesto big a hot topic in today’s world. Within the United States alone, bizarre incidents are almost commonplace. In a recent article found in the CNN Library archives ,there was a lot of disagreement about who was to blame in the tragic shooting death of seventeen year old - Trayvon Benjamin Martin who was merely visiting his father in a gated community and was subsequently shot and killed - the only real reason being because of fear and ignorance. George Zimmerman was the self-appointed executioner;Read MoreAnalysis Of The Henry Jr. From Easton, Ma, And The New York Police Officer1472 Words   |  6 PagesFour years ago Danroy â€Å"DJ† henry Jr. from Easton, Ma, was killed by a New york poli ce officer. Since then the nation seen the death of trayvon Martin who was kiilled by a neighborhood watch volunteer and Michael brown who recently just got killed by a policeman in Ferguson, Missoury. However, the story of Eric Garner is shown to be an ongoing issue between Eric Garner and the New york police department weeks prior to the incident. In the video, Garner is seeing expressing to the policeman that he

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Classic Management Free Essays

Some of these are listed below: asking questions about text or case material 0 making observation about text or case material 0 making insightful comments or asking probing questions during tutorials or at appropriate time during case presentations; and 0 relating assigned material to other areas of study or current events in the pacific region. 8. 0 All attendance will be taken in tutorial classes. We will write a custom essay sample on Classic Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now The attendance and participation will be assessed from week 3-14. University’s tutorial attendance policy of is applied. Students must attain at least a minimum of 60 percent tutorial attendance to pass this course. Failure to meet this requirement meaner failing the course. 9. 0 Marking Criteria for Case Study Presentation Criteria Visual Aid (projector, charts etc) Presentation (speaking style, clarity, eye contact, confidence, timing) Understanding, Familiarity with Content ; Analysis Question/Discussion/Linking Total Marks Allocated (in %) 1 % Please note: presentations will be assessed as a group overall; not individual ember presentations. Whatever mark is given is group based so everyone in the group gets the same mark. Time Limit Breakdown: Presentation time for all the group members- 15 minutes Question/Discussion time- 5 minutes Tutor’s remarks – 5 minutes AMIGO Tutorial outline Semester 2 2013 3 Table 1: Tutorial Case Study/Class discussion activities Introductory session: 0 emphasizing on the important issues raised in the course outline 0 Students to select their tutorial group (3 or 4 members in a group) discussion on how to analyze case studies to prepare students for presentation 0 The assessment criteria for case study presentation Discussion Questions: 1 . Discuss the major developments that characterize current global economy and the challenges these impose on the organizations and industrial sectors. 2. Discuss some of the organization transitions that set the context for the study of management today Date ****III case studies are from the recommended textbook**** Chapter Tutorial case study/ Discussion question 1 4 12-16 August Chapters 23 5 19-23 August Chapter 4 6 26-30 August -rest 1 : Day: Friday Date: 30 Gag 2013 Time: 9. 00-9. 50 a. M. Room: 014-025 coverage: Chapter 1-4 and 6 Format: Section A: Multiple choice Section B: True/False Section C: Short to paragraph-long questions Total % mark: 10% of the total course work. Chapter 6 Discussion Questions: 1 . Explain the major elements of an organization’s general environment 2. What elements in the specific environment should organization concentrate on in order to sustain competitive advantage Chapter 3: 1 . Explain in detail the three environments for managerial decision making and problem solving 2. People display three different approaches or ‘styles’ in the way they deal with problem situations. Case Study: â€Å"Informing Panasonic† up 82-84 of the textbook Discussion Questions: 1 . What key ideas did classical approaches, behavioral (or human resource) approaches, and quantitative approaches contribute to management thinking? Case Study: â€Å"Management in practice at Bee Change Hang (BCC)† up 105-106 Discussion Questions: 1 . Identify the alternative views of Athenian behavior and briefly describe the main emphasis of each view 2. Explain the concepts of cultural relativism and universalism. What implications do these concepts have for international business operations? 3. What is an ethical dilemma? Describe some of the possible sources of ethical dilemmas. Case study: â€Å"Astray – the ‘Enron’ of India† 7 2- 6 September Chapter organization? 2. How can participation be used in organization? 3. What resistance might it potentially create and how would you deal with this? Given that controls are essential to any organizations operational success, explain the steps involved in the control process. Case study: â€Å"Tallest makes the wrong call† up 183-184 OR â€Å"The airline industry-attempting to control turbulence† up 204-206 4. 9- 13 September 8 16-20 September MID SEMESTER BREAK Chapter 9 Discussion Questions: 1 . What is SOOT analysis? Discuss the types of issues and questions that should be dealt with when conducting a SOOT analysis 2. Discuss the advantages of performing a SOOT analysis 3. Compare and contrast different strategies for: (a) growth and diversification; and (b) retrenchment 4. Explain the basic variables contained in Porter’s generic strategies model and the BCC matrix Case study: â€Å"Managing strategy and culture at Boost Juice Bars† up 238-239 Discussion Questions: 1 . What is the purpose of organizational design? 2. Discuss the difference between bureaucratic designs and adaptive designs Case study: â€Å"Leno- hanging structure to follow strategy’ up 298-299 9 23-27 September Group Assignment: Due: Friday 27 September at 4. 00 p. M. All group assignment must be uploaded on model. Chapter 1 1 10 30 Swept – 4 October -rest 2: Day: Friday Date: 4 October 2013 Time: 9. 0 – 9. 50 a. M. Venue: Room 014-025 Coverage: Chapter 7-9, and 11 Format: Section A: Multiple choice Section B: True/ False Section C: Short to paragraph-long questions Total % mark: 10% of the total course work. 7-11 October Discussion Questions: 1 . What is human resource management and what role does it plays in organizations? 2. What steps should a m anager take in helping a new employee fit into the work environment in a way that furthers his/her development and performance potential? 3. What options would you, as a manager, have in maintaining a qualified workforce? Comment briefly on the options discussed in the text. Case study: NO Case study 11 Chapter 13 12 14-18 October Chapter 14 Discussion Questions 1 . Explain the sources of position power and personal power used by managers to influence the behavior of other people Explain the sources of position power and 2. What is leadership style? Explain how concern for task and concern for people are related to leadership style. 3. Discuss the Fiddler, Hershey and Blanchard, House, and Broom-Ago contingency models of leadership. What guidance does each contingency model provide for leaders? Case study: â€Å"Leadership at ISM† up 361-362 Discussion Question: 1 . Briefly describe Mason’s hierarchy of needs theory, Alder’s ERG theory, Herrings tobacco theory, and Miscellany’s acquired needs theory. 2. Discuss goal setting theory and how it relates to managing for motivation. 13 21-25 October Chapter 15 16 14 Chapter 17 Describe the key concepts in the expectancy theory of motivation. How do these concepts explain the level of motivation that a person may display at work? Case duty: â€Å"Google: one of Australia’s best places to work† pappy-390 Discussion Questions 1 . Using the contributions and inducements that are referred to in the psychological contract between the individual and organization, explain the nature of the relationship that you have had with an organization for which you now work or have worked in the past. 2. Explain the role that Job design plays in worker satisfaction and performance. Chapter 16: 3. How do teams contribute to organizations? 4. Briefly describe the stages of group/team development. Think of a group or team in which you have held or currently hold membership. Explain how he stages of group/team development can be applied to this example group or team. How to cite Classic Management, Papers

Sunday, May 3, 2020

Rubbish Collection and Disposal Garbage †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Rubbish Collection And Disposal? Answer: Introducation The rubbish is the garbage hoarded up in residential area that has to be collected to keep the surrounding environment clean and neat so that the disease can be kept away (COC, 2017). The residential rubbish may be vegetable peels, rotten fruits, used office ground, soap cover, empty bottles, floor sweeping dust, used mop cloths and others. Rubbish cane or bag is put in the residential area, in which the residents dispose their household rubbish and garbage. The rubbish begs then collected by the municipalities and it disposes it far away of the city (OConnor, 2010). The collection and disposal process of rubbish includes different kinds of cost such as landfill cost, container cost, cost of towing van, pickup and dumpster rent, taxes and regulations, cost of rubbish bags, cost of rubbish collectors, and others. However, it can be said that it includes labor cost, equipments cost, administration cost, land, recycling cost and others (NCC, 2017). Along with this, the cost of equipments and tools are included in cost structure of collecting and disposing of the rubbish. The rubbish bags are kept at the residential area, which are collected and disposed every week (WM, 2012). Apart from this, the cost of labor also adds to the total cost of the collection and disposal of the rubbish from the residential areas. The labor is required for driving the wastage conveying vehicles, for loading the rubbish bags on van and truck, and recycling the wastage for reducing the wastage and for ensuring the healthy environment (HCC, 2017). Disposal is the process o f getting the rubbish out of the city and hoarding it up and recycling it for reducing the soil pollution and other environmental issues. Along with this, the other cost elements in the collection and disposal of the wastage or rubbish from the residential area include basket or container, tricycle, compost pit, segregation shed, uniform, safety measures such as gloves, tools and equipment, supervisor salary, repair and maintenance, sanitation workers and others. All these cost have to include as these costs are basic cost elements in the collection and disposal of rubbish from the residential addresses. However, the cost in collection and disposal of the rubbish from residential area can be calculated easily. First of all, all the requirements for collecting and disposing the rubbish have to be indentified such as container, rubbish bags, labor, equipments and tools, vehicles, and others. After identifying the requirement, the cost for each requirement is assigned for per week because the rubbish is collected from the residential areas each week. The units of labor, containers, bags, and other requirement are multipli ed by the cost per unit. Then this cost is multiplied by the number of weeks in a year for identifying the total cost for a year in collecting and disposing the rubbish. Difficulties in calculation of cost: Number of difficulties would occur in estimation and calculation of the cost in collecting and disposing the rubbish from the residential area. It is very hard to identify the requirement of the quantity of the rubbish per week in different residential areas which in turn cause difficulty in determining the requirement of the containers and rubbish bags. For this, the number of families and houses in the residential areas are identified and then the quantity of the rubbish per week is estimated. This helped in finding out the requirements in terms of number of containers, number of rubbish bags, number of vehicles for carrying the containers, and others. Furthermore, after finding the requirement the cost per unit has to be identified therefore it is required to find the ongoing labor rate in the city or town. The minimum labor rate has been used here for this. The number of people required for collecting and disposing the rubbish are then multiplied by the labor rate for identifying the labor cost. The cost included in the collection and disposal of the wastage from the residential areas are realistic to a good extent. Along with this, the calculation of the cost in collection and disposal of the rubbish is too long and tidy as first the cost per unit has been indentified, then the cost per week has been identified and then the total cost for one year has been identified. This caused the uncomfortable in calculation of the cost. Along with this, it was very hard to find the going on rate of labor, rubbish bags, and others tools and equipments as the price for this requirement vary at different places. Then the average price for the products or services was calculated and then the cost per unit was calculated. Lastly, it can be said that the cost calculated is exact realistic to the great extent. Rates for services of ABC Council Yes, there should be fixed fee for the services provided by the ABC Council for collecting the rubbish from the residential areas. The fee should be determined considering the cost of service. This is because the cost burden on the ABC council will be transferred to the people living in residential areas and gaining services. This also will improve the service of the ABC Council. Along with this, the fee for the services should be determined according to the weight of the waste and cost of service. The fee and rate of the services should be determined based activity cost this helps in determining the minimum fee criteria. The fees and charges for the services can ensure the compliance with the environmental regulations and ethical codes in society. This will make the people comply with the ethical codes. This will also generate capital for the Council that it can use further for investing in the more containers, equipments, vehicles, and measures and in recycling of the rubbish or wa stage. The raised fund may be used in the welfare of the society by reducing the rubbish collection period that may help in reducing the pollution and other diseases due to solid waste and rubbish. The management accountant is also known as corporate accountant. The management accountant is the person who aids in managerial planning and decision making by providing the information to the management about the financial transactions and accounting administration (Sunami, 2013). The management accountants are responsible of planning, preparing the budget, managing the risk, developing strategies and making decision in the organization (Lambert and Sponem, 2012). Therefore, the management accountant finds out the opportunities in market, analyze them to identify and mange the risk, arrange the finance for effective operation, and monitor the compliance. The main functions of the management accounts include the budgeting, tax handling, assets management, and helping in strategic decision making (Ahid and Augustine, 2012). Role of management accountants towards their employer, people and company For employer Management accounting becomes an integral part of the business. It guides and advises management at every step of the business. The role of management accountant gives the end number of benefits to the company. The accountants is responsible for the financial security, handling all financial matters and thus helps company to drive the business overall management strategy. Management accountants focus on the financial planning, cost accounting and management issues. The below given are the major responsibilities of the management accountants regarding the company. Budgeting- An accountants make the budget for the company regarding their overall key activities in the different functional departments. They forecast the overall budgeting and report to the senior managers so that they can take strategic operational decisions. Budget indicates the financial plan of the company using quantitative figures and forecasted the needs of the individual departments and allocated the budget as per their programs and schedules. Moreover, allocation in budgets creates the conflicts among the departments and it results the loss of the productivity. Sometimes, the management accountants produced the special budgets as per the requirement of the special needs. Most of the time the accountants produced the budgets for the company which includes master, sales, production, material, labor and cash budgets. Handling Taxes- They analyses the taxation part of the income through various rules like GAAP, IFRS and IAS and calculate the taxable amount from the income. Decision making- The management accountant is responsible for the strategic decisions in the company among various alternatives. For e.g. In a manufacturing unit, the responsibility of the management accountant is to determine the best product to manufacture that is more profitable to the company and the price charge to the customers. Moreover, the management accountant compares the price of the product with the cost associated with the manufacturing of the product. Managerial accountants perform cost analysis for certain products and divisions which include variable costs and fixed costs. The managerial accountant gives the direct information to the production manager which helps to take the production decisions in the future. Managerial accountants perform the cost analysis of the products and services of different divisions which include variable and fixed costs. On the basis of cost predictions, top management would forecast and develop the fruitful strategy for the company. For profession The management accountants are responsible to follow the ethical practices in their accounting. They have the social contract towards the society and their profession. They are bound to follow the codes, standards and regulations in their practices. They are the assets of the organization and business and they are socially bound towards their practices and provide the fair information to their users. They tend to responsible to maintain the integrity of the profession by provides good financial reporting to its users. They are responsible to protect the interest of the public regarding the accountancy profession. As a professional they are seen to be a privileged position in the society and they are dealing with all the issues that are related to the public interest. Accountants not only maintain the high standards in their profession but also help the organizations to act ethically. Moreover, it provides the professional advice to the small business owners to follow the management accounting process in their business operations to increase the reliability of the profession. They are responsible to indicate the major challenges and benefits to the small business owners and provide the best solutions to the public to follow these practices. The management accountants work with the small business owners and emphasize them to follow the specific responsibilities regarding their profession. This professional information benefits the owners to take strategic decision in the long term. For People Management accountants provide the fair information regarding the employees productivity in the company. They also responsible to adapt the fair accounting standards and provides benefits to the employees of the company. Moreover, the accountants are responsible to disclose all the information to the stakeholders of the company so that they can use the information for their benefits. They are solely responsible to protect the interest of the people towards accounting practices. They are responsible to meeting the expectations of the customers as well as it helps the lower level of management to handle the basic accounting tasks such as recording income and expenses, track tax liabilities and make reliable financial statements on the basis of these data. They adopt the social sustainability practices in their accounting and conditions monitors the financial activities at each functional level to maintain the viability of the profession and develop the trust among the people internally and externally. The public accountants emphasize many big organizations to fulfill the corporate social responsibilities and sustainability practices in their profession to the benefit of the public. They are solely responsible on trust of the public. This profession is driven by the public trusts and they lose their legitimacy if there is no public trust is exists between them. It is important for any public accountant to work for the benefit of the public and ensures that their trust and interest would not be down towards this profession Society An accountant with the help of its expertise, education, training and analytical skills provides multiple benefits to the growing society needs. The accountants provide justice in the matter of the taxation, fraud, financial policies, budgeting and even economic principles. An accountant handles the taxation matters of the business or a person so that they run the business smoothly in the society without bearing any unnecessary tax liabilities. Moreover most of the accountants provide the consultants services to the society regarding their jobs or ne startups. They analyse the business structure and reporting standards and plan the internal operations and control functions. On the basis of business structure, it gives the idea to the individual for long term planning. They collect, analyse, interpret and present all the important information that is beneficial for the management. They ensure the society regarding any fraud and misrepresentations done by the organizations and provide services in the areas of costing, budgeting and evaluation of the new investments, disinvestments and working capital management. The accountants also responsible to provide effective accounting information to the various levels like political, social, economical and legal. On the basis of information it assists society to make informed decisions in relation the effective allocation of resources. The measurement of accounting information at all levels of the society. The measurement of accounting profits and costs influenced on the jobs, taxes and prices. Ethical conflicts due to imbalance between responsibilities of MA: The management accountant cannot look at the interest of one part only but have to consider the interest of the all the parties at one time. However, the management accountant should consider the ethical principle and codes while performing his or her duty. The management account should perform his responsibilities regarding profession to ensure the compliance with relevant law, regulation, and knowledge and skills (Finch, 2016). Along with this, it is the ethical responsibility of the management accountants to provide clear, accurate, and reliable information. The imbalance in the responsibilities may cause the ethical conflicts. For example, if the management accountant considers the interest of the employer only and does not consider the interest of the shareholders in company, then it may lead ethical conflicts (Accountingverse, 2017). And the management accountant reports the information in annual report favorable to the employer but beguile the shareholders. This may cause ethi cal conflicts in responsibilities of the accountant to people and employer. Apart from this, for example the management accountant is obliged to ensure the confidentiality of the information. But to keep the interest of the shareholders, it is also responsibility of the management accountant to provide the shareholders with accurate and clear information (Finch, 2016). This may cause the ethical conflicts between responsibility of confidentiality of information to employers and responsibility of the accurate and clear information to the shareholders. Furthermore, the responsibility of administering tax policy and procedure also conflicts with responsibility to compliance with government rules and regulations. Therefore, for example, the management accountant is responsible for managing the income and tax policy so that tax can be reduced but this manipulation and responsibility may conflict with responsibility of compliance with regulation of accurate and complete tax payment (Accountingverse, 2017). Furthermore, for example if the management account ignores small mistakes in the accounts of the company and approve it then this action of the management can cause conflicts with the responsibility of honesty and fairness in accounts. This negligence behavior of the management accountant may affect the interest of people uses the accounting information of the company. References: Accountingverse (2017). Standards of ethical conduct for management accountant. Retrieved from https://www.accountingverse.com/managerial-accounting/introduction/code-of-ethics.html Ahid, M. and Augustine, A. (2012). The Roles and Responsibilities of Management Accountants inthe Era of Globalization. Retrieved from https://globaljournals.org/GJMBR_Volume12/6-The-Roles-and-Responsibilities-of-Management-Accountants-in.pdf Aswathappa, K., (2013).Human resource management: Text and cases.USA: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. COC, (2017). Residential trash collection. Retrieved from https://www.como.gov/PublicWorks/Solidwaste/res-coll.php Drucker, P., (2013).People and performance.UK: Routledge. Finch, C. (2016). Code of conduct for management accountant. Retrieved from https://woman.thenest.com/code-conduct-management-accountants-23161.html Grunig, L.A., (2013). Toward the philosophy of public relations.Rhetorical and critical approaches to public relations,65-91. HCC, (2017). Disposing of your rubbish. Retrieved from https://www.huttcity.govt.nz/Services/Rubbish-and-recycling/Disposing-of-your-rubbish/ Lambert, C., Sponem, S. (2012). Roles, authority and involvement of the management accounting function: a multiple case-study perspective.European Accounting Review,21(3), 565-589. NCC (2017). Rubbish collection and disposal. Retrieved from https://nelson.govt.nz/services/rubbish/rubbish-collection-disposal/ OConnor, J. (2010). The real cost of managing societys trash. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/id/39192095 Snell, S.A., Morris, S.S. and Bohlander, G.W., (2015).Managing human resources. Ontario: Nelson Education. Storey, J., (2014).New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals).UK: Routledge. Sunarni, C. W. (2013). Management accounting practices and the role of management accountant: Evidence from manufacturing companies throughout Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research,2(2), 616. Weiss, J.W. (2014).Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach.USA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. WM, (2012). Container tips. Retrieved from https://www0.wm.com/wm/services/containertips_resi.asp

Friday, March 6, 2020

Lee v. Weisman (1992) - Prayers at School Graduation

Lee v. Weisman (1992) - Prayers at School Graduation How far can a school go when it comes to accommodating the religious beliefs of students and parents? Many schools have traditionally had someone offer prayers at important school events like graduations, but critics argue that such prayers violate the separation of church and state because they mean that the government is endorsing particular religious beliefs. Fast Facts: Lee v. Weisman Case Argued: November 6, 1991Decision Issued:Â  June 24, 1992Petitioner: Robert E. LeeRespondent: Daniel WeismanKey Question: Did letting a religious officiant offer a prayer during an official public school ceremony violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment?Majority Decision: Justices Blackmun, O’Connor, Stevens, Kennedy, and SouterDissenting: Justices Rehnquist, White, Scalia, and ThomasRuling: Since the graduation was state-sponsored, the prayer was deemed in violation of the Establishment Clause. Background Information Nathan Bishop Middle School in Providence, RI, traditionally invited clergy to offer prayers at graduation ceremonies. Deborah Weisman and her father, Daniel, both of whom were Jewish, challenged the policy and filed suit in court, arguing that the school had turned itself into a house of worship after a rabbis benediction. At the disputed graduation, the rabbi thanked for: ...the legacy of America where diversity is celebrated...O God, we are grateful for the learning which we have celebrated on this joyous commencement...we give thanks to you, Lord, for keeping us alive, sustaining us and allowing us to reach this special, happy occasion. With help from the Bush administration, the school board argued that the prayer was not an endorsement of religion or of any religious doctrines. The Weismans were supported by the ACLU and other groups interested in religious freedom. Both the district and appellate courts agreed with the Weismans and found the practice of offering prayers unconstitutional. The case was appealed to the Supreme Court where the administration asked it to overturn the three-prong test created in Lemon v. Kurtzman. Court Decision Arguments were made on November 6th, 1991. On June 24th 1992, the Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that prayers during school graduation violate the Establishment Clause. Writing for the majority, Justice Kennedy found that officially sanctioned prayers in public schools were so clearly a violation that the case could be decided without relying upon the Courts earlier church/separation precedents, thus avoiding questions about the Lemon Test entirely. According to Kennedy, the governments involvement in religious exercises at graduation is pervasive and unavoidable. The state creates both public and peer pressure on students to rise for and remain silent during prayers. State officials not only determine that an invocation and benediction should be given, but also select the religious participant and provide guidelines for the content of the nonsectarian prayers. The Court viewed this extensive state participation as coercive in the elementary and secondary school settings. The state in effect required participation in a religious exercise, since the option of not attending one of lifes most significant occasions was no real choice. At a minimum, the Court concluded, the Establishment Clause guarantees that government may not coerce anyone to support or participate in religion or its exercise. What to most believers may seem nothing more than a reasonable request that the nonbeliever respect their religious practices, in a school context may appear to the nonbeliever or dissenter to be an attempt to employ the machinery of the State to enforce a religious orthodoxy. Although a person could stand for the prayer merely as a sign of respect for others, such an action could justifiably be interpreted as accepting the message. The control held by teachers and principals over the students actions forces those graduating to submit to the standards of behavior. This is sometimes referred to as the Coercion Test. Graduation prayers fail this test because they put impermissible pressure on students to participate in, or at least show respect for, the prayer. In a dictum, Justice Kennedy wrote about the importance of the separating church and state: The First Amendments Religion Clauses mean that religious beliefs and religious expression are too precious to be either proscribed or prescribed by the State. The design of the Constitution is that preservation and transmission of religious beliefs and worship is a responsibility and a choice committed to the private sphere, which itself is promised freedom to pursue that mission. [...] A state-created orthodoxy puts at grave risk that freedom of belief and conscience which are the sole assurance that religious faith is real, not imposed. In a sarcastic and scathing dissent, Justice Scalia said that prayer is a common and accepted practice of bringing people together and the government should be allowed to promote it. The fact that prayers can cause division for those who disagree with or are even offended by the content simply wasnt relevant, as far as he was concerned. He also didnt bother to explain how sectarian prayers from one religion could unify people of many different religions, never mind people with no religion at all. Significance This decision failed to reverse the standards established by the Court in Lemon. Instead, this ruling extended the prohibition of school prayer to graduation ceremonies and refused to accept the idea that a student would not be harmed by standing during the prayer without sharing the message contained in the prayer.

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Molecular Medicine Master Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Molecular Medicine Master - Personal Statement Example Based on the research and final project I am working on identifying a gene related to cholesterol disorder. I have studied biomedical studies and its incorporation into molecular medicine will enable me to clearly and concisely do my research in the stated field. Based on the level of education offered at your university, I wish to pursue masters in the field of molecular medicine as you produce only the best in the country. Based on my research methods and passion to identify and cure various diseases, I find myself suitable to learn and gain the necessary knowledge regarding molecular medicine. The developments faced in technology and the human genome projects have led to new ways of understanding and treating human diseases. The defects associated with single genes discoveries are very trivial and can be stopped and cured with man-month of efforts. My desire to understand various diseases like heart disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders and estimation of their threat to people, based on each individual’s genotype has made me want to study molecular medicine. In conclusion, my passion to understand various diseases and how to cure them has been my driving force to study molecular medicine. Making an impact in this field will be an advantage to me as I would like to discover medicines to cure various harmful diseases and hope you will find me liable and capable to undertake the molecular medicine masters in your university.

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Expanded Definition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Expanded Definition - Essay Example Glycogen is the molecular structure of carbohydrates that is stored in mammals. In humans, the bulk of glycogen is accumulated in skeletal muscles. Glycogen is the key energy substrate during exercise intensity that is more than seventy percent of the oxygen intake. Healthy people often eliminate blood glucose fast when there is excess glucose. The glycogen that is stored in the skeletal muscles is limited because the glycogen synthesis prevents accumulation. After exercise, the rate of glycogen synthesis is increased to replete the stores of glycogen. The diminishing of skeletal muscle glycogen after exercise enables healthy storage of carbohydrates after meals and this averts the growth of type 2 diabetes. Glycogen is carbohydrate stored in human cells. Eighty percent of the produced glycogen is stored in the skeletal muscles. As a result, enzyme glycogen synthase activates the conversion of glucose to glycogen and insulin is the enzyme that prevents conversion of glycogen to gluco se in the body (Jensen et al., 21). Moreover, it is the polysaccharides that maintain the physiological blood glucose concentration. The liver directly contributes to the blood level in the body because of the presence of glucose-6-phosphate. Glycogen in the skeletal muscles is broken down and transported to the liver to help in maintenance of euglycemia (Jensen et al., 2). (2008).  Adrenaline potentiates insulin-stimulated PKB activation in the rat fast-twitch epitrochlearis muscle without affecting IRS-1 associated PI 3-kinase activity.Pflugers Arch.  456, 969–978. doi: 10.1007/s00424-008-0471-z.  [PubMed][Cross

Monday, January 27, 2020

The real food company

The real food company The real food company 1.0 Background of EAT the real food company: Eat was founded in 1996 with ambition of providing the best food, soup and coffee in London at reasonable prices. The first shop was opened at Villers street, WC2, London. At present EAT with 100 shops continue to strive for highest possible quality of food, service and shop standards in the same way they used to do since from the beginning. EATs secret of success is in their kitchen, they make all food products on their own i.e. they dont buy a single mass produced sandwich, soup or salad from any supplier. They offer variety of foods like sandwiches, soups, pies, salads, wraps, sushi, desserts, baked goods, breakfast, cold drinks juices and great coffees. 2.0 Planning process and its importance: Planning is a formalised procedure to produce an articulated result, in the form of an integrated system of decisions. The importance of planning to organisations will help in co-ordinating their activities; to make sure that their business is accounted for future and to have control on the business. Chernev (2009) describes marketing management consists of three step process and they are analysing the situation, developing an action plan and implementing the plan. Situation analysis will help in providing the overview of the company and environment in which it operates and also it helps in identifying potential markets to compete. It begins with analysing five key factors which are as follows as identified by Chernev (2009). Potential customers- Most of the EAT shops are located near offices, tourist places and transit places. So their major customers are tourists, workers and tourists visiting to London. Companys goals- EAT goal is to provide best food, soup and coffee in London at reasonable prices. Collaborators- Competitors- EAT companys potential competitors are Pret a Manger, Starbucks, McDonald and KFC. All these companies are also in the same market targeting same customers. Economic, social-cultural, technological, regulatory and physical factors- The current economic situation of the UK is under recession. Many people are unemployed and still losing their jobs. Recession has had an impact on tourist coming from different parts of the UK, as well as from other parts of the world. Social-cultural effect on EAT has had a very little impact on its business, because the type of food EAT produces suits the eat habits of most of the Londoners. Except the fact that London is multi cultural ethnicity, and among them most of the Muslim community and they do not eat non-veg food other than halal ones. According to official research collated for The Times as cited in Kerbaj (2009) Muslim population in Britain has grown by more than 500,000 to 2.4 million in just four years. Technology has had a significant effect on the EAT business, the introduction of readymade coffee machines reduced the customer waiting time and increased the productivity of the business. 3.0 Internal analysis of EAT 3.1 Mc Kinsey 7-S frame work: Mc Kinseys 7-S recognises seven important factors for internal effectiveness and efficiency of an organisation. The key elements of 7-S are as follows and is depicted in the below figure. Strategy: EAT prepares all food products in their own kitchen, and do not buy any single mass produced sandwich from any supplier. One day is the shelf life of all products for maximum freshness and quality Structure: Each EAT shop has shop manager, assistant shop manager followed by team leader, lead barista and team member. Skills: Employees of EAT are skilled in preparing delicious sandwiches, soups, pies, salads, desserts, and drinks. Moreover they are also skilled at delivering great customer services. Staff: EAT staff get training in their academy, and recognised for doing a great job. They are further encouraged to improve on personal development. All these factors motivate the employees and increases their productivity and loyalty to organisation. Style: EAT is adopting team management style in Blake and Mouton managerial grid as cited in Mullins (2005) which gives equally high concern to productivity as well as to the staff. This type of management style is the best in the business. Systems: EAT follows the system of delivering best quality food, along with it providing friendly and fun experience to every customers. Shared values: EAT believes in honest, simple and natural work space environment providing quality food and great customer service. 3.2 Advantages and disadvantages of Mckinsey 7-S Advantages: This tool covers the almost every aspect of the business and all major parts of the firm. This tool helps in analysing the internal situation of the organisation. This tool helps in implementing the organisational changes once the organisation has understood its internal situation. Disadvantages: A detailed case study on the firm is required to analyse it using this tool. This tool does not consider about the external factors influencing the organisation and presents only of the internal situation of firm. All the 7-S of Mckinsey are interrelated and if any one element is changed it affects others as well. 4.0 External analysis of EAT 4.1 PEST analysis 4.1.1 Political factors: Elections will be held before May 2010 and new government may alter the environmental rules which will have low impact on the organisation. Labour government might win the upcoming elections, and increase the basic pay rise of an employee which will have high impact on the firm. Customer protection law has a great impact on the firm especially for service and hospitality organisation. EAT has to ensure that it provides sufficient information about the food they produce and its ingredient. 4.1.2 Economical factors: Current market is struggling with recession; many people have lost the jobs and still losing it. It has negative impact on the firm. The firm has to pay tax for the government. 4.1.3 Social factors: London is a multi ethnic city, so eating habits of the people differs from person to person. This factor has a medium impact on the firm. Lifestyle of the people has a great impact on the firm. Now a days people like to carry their food along with them, rather than sitting and eating in the restaurant. Considering the fact that Muslim population in Britain has grown by more than 500,000 to 2.4 million in just four years, according to official research collated for The Times as cited in Kerbaj (2009). This factor has a medium impact on the firm. 4.1.4 Technological factors: Technology has been evolving and there is no end for it, introduction of readymade coffee machine have had a great impact on sales reducing the customer waiting time. Internet has a strong impact on the business helping customers to know about the locations of EAT braches near to place where they live or work. Also they get to know about the variety of products they make. 4.2 Advantages and disadvantages of PEST analysis: Advantages: This tool helps in determining the external factors which have positive and negative impact on the firms growth. This tool helps in identifying its business survival according to the surroundings. This tool is simple and only costs time to do. Disadvantages: This tool tells focuses only on the external environmental analysis based on assumptions. But in reality assumptions may go wrong and strategy is not of worth. This tool covers only external environment, but the results to need to be considered along with other factors for example firm itself, competitors and type of industry in which it is operating. Changes in the environment make this tool difficult to implement developments and it will affect the firm in the future. 4.2 Porters five forces Industry rivalry: EAT is in food industry sector where in, there are lot of other big competitors like Pret a manger, Star bucks coffee, McDonalds and KFC. These companies are also well settled in the business and have good market share. So industry rivalry among the competitors is high because of too many competitors in the same market. Supplier power: The supplier has a low bargaining power with firm because, because there are lot of suppliers producing the same raw materials for the food industry sector. Buyer power: Since EAT business is retail one the buyer power has less influence on its business. On the contrary, care should be taken to deliver quality food and great customer service if not it brings bad reputation to the business. The effect of it will be losing customers in large proportion. New entrants: It is very difficult for a new entrant to start business in the same industry as EAT is doing. Because since EAT is in hospitality sector, it takes years to get recognised with quality food and great customer service. Threat of substitutes: Now a days people are turning to readymade packed foods which are convenient to carry to their work places or homes. Because of recession as the prices of packed foods are cheap they are attracted to them. Advantages of porters five forces: This tool helps in identifying the profitability of a new product or business. It helps in identifying who has better power buyer or supplier. Disadvantages of porters five forces: It does not account the rapid changes that are happening in present world, so even a new entrant can come with some new methods and straight away make profits. 5.0 SWOT analysis Strengths Skills of employees. Strategy of firm. Trained employees in cooking delicious foods and delivering great customer service. Wide range of food products in menu. Brand reputation doesnt allow new entrants to succeed immediately. Opportunities Joint ventures with supermarkets to increase the market share. Introduction of online order and delivery systems. Introduction of low priced food products consisting of only basic ingredients. Weakness High priced food products. Limited funds available to expand the business. Inconsistence of quality and service across all branches. Threats Recession has had an impact on the business. Changing eat habits of the people. Similar products offered by other companies at low price. 6.0 Ansoff matrix: The EAT can make profits by stepping into product development by adopting one of the two strategies introducing online delivery system to their products gives tough competition to Pret a manger that are already in the same business. Because there are some factors which are in favour of this purpose and they are weather conditions may hamper the interest of going to restaurants and some people want to enjoy their meals at their residence itself. The second strategy EAT can adopt is introduction of low priced food products. According to Farnham (2009) most of the people are abandoning restaurants and are turning to low priced food products because of recession. EAT can turn to low priced food range by reducing the number of ingredients but not all comprising with quality or service. 7.0 Marketing Mix elements Product: According to Chernev (2009) a product should have certain features that make it unique in the market. EATs products are known for its delicious and high quality, but introduction of Halal foods in their menu will attract handsome of customers to their restaurant. As we have discussed in the external environment analysis, London is a multi ethnicity city and in it Muslim population is increasing day by day. It has grown to more than 500,000 to 2.4 million in just four years Kerbaj (2009). Price: EATs food price has had a significant effect on the customer behaviour, as majority of them were abandoning the restaurants and are turning to basic foods with less ingredients in it. Because of recession many people are losing their jobs and reducing their level of expenditure and trying to save money. Introduction of low priced foods with less ingredients but not comprising with quality of food will help in attracting the customers. Place: Most of the EAT shops are located near commercial places, tourist places and transit places which are easily accessible places by people. However to increase further sales of the firm, it is suggestible to implement online order and delivery systems with the help of internet technology. In this way it can target the customers who are of big families and like to have meals at their premises itself. Promotion: EAT has to promote its brand in one of the fastest way of communication channels. By advertising in the daily news paper, radio channels, local television channels in London, internet and by leaflet distribution it has chances of promoting its new products in the market. References Chernev, A. (2009) Strategic marketing management 5th edition. Bright star media, Inc.: Chicago, USA. Eat (2009a) www.eat.co.uk [online] available from: http://www.eat.co.uk/pages/facts.html [accessed on: 26 November 2009] Farnham, J. (2009) Recession bites into eating habits, June [online] available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8124352.stm [accessed on : 24 November 2009] Doyle, P. and Stern, P. (2006) Marketing management and strategy 4th edition. Pearson education ltd.: Harlow, England. Fifield, P. (2007) Marketing strategy: The difference between marketing and markets. 3rd edition. Elsevier ltd: London, UK. Kerbaj, R. (2009) www.timesonline.co.uk January 30 2009 [online] available from: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article5621482.ece [accessed on: 01 December 2009]

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Null Hypothesis

Why We Don’t â€Å"Accept† the Null Hypothesis by Keith M. Bower, M. S. and James A. Colton, M. S. Reprinted with permission from the American Society for Quality When performing statistical hypothesis tests such as a one-sample t-test or the AndersonDarling test for normality, an investigator will either reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis, based upon sampled data. Frequently, results in Six Sigma projects contain the verbiage â€Å"accept the null hypothesis,† which implies that the null hypothesis has been proven true.This article discusses why such a practice is incorrect, and why this issue is more than a matter of semantics. Overview of Hypothesis Testing In a statistical hypothesis test, two hypotheses are evaluated: the null (H0) and the alternative (H1). The null hypothesis is assumed true until proven otherwise. If the weight of evidence leads us to believe that the null hypothesis is highly unlikely (based upon probability theory), then we hav e a statistical basis upon which we may reject the null hypothesis. A common misconception is that statistical hypothesis tests are designed to select the more likely of two hypotheses.Rather, a test will stay with the null hypothesis until enough evidence (data) appears to support the alternative. The amount of evidence required to â€Å"prove† the alternative may be stated in terms of a confidence level (denoted X%). The confidence level is often specified before a test is conducted as part of a sample size calculation. We view the confidence level as equaling one minus the Type I error rate (? ). A Type I error is committed when the null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected. An ? value of 0. 05 is typically used, corresponding to 95% confidence levels.The p-value is used to determine if enough evidence exists to reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative. The p-value is the probability of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis. The two possible conclusions, af ter assessing the data, are to: 1. Reject the null hypothesis (p-value ? ) and conclude that there is not enough evidence to state that the alternative is true at the pre-determined confidence level of X%. Note that it is possible to state the alternative to be true at the lower confidence level of 100*(1 – p-value)%. Ronald A.Fisher succinctly discusses the key point of our paper: In relation to any experiment we may speak of†¦ the â€Å"null hypothesis,† and it should be noted that the null hypothesis is never proved or established, but is possibly disproved, in the course of experimentation. Every experiment may be said to exist only in order to give the facts a chance of disproving the null hypothesis. 1 A Helpful Analogy: The U. S. Legal System Consider the example of the legal system in the United States of America. A person is considered innocent until proven guilty in a court of law.We may state this particular decision-making process in the form of a hypo thesis test, as follows: H0: Person is innocent vs. H1: Person is not innocent (i. e. , guilty) The responsibility then falls upon the prosecution to build a case to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. It should be borne in mind that a jury will never find a person to be â€Å"innocent. † The defendant would be found â€Å"not guilty† in such a situation; i. e. , the jury has failed to reject the null hypothesis. Decisions Based on Data We must keep in mind, of course, that it is always possible to draw an incorrect conclusion based upon sampled data.There are two kinds of error we can make: †¢ Type I error. When the null hypothesis is rejected, practitioners refer to the Type I error when they present results, using language such as: â€Å"We reject the null hypothesis at the 5% significance level,† or â€Å"We reject the null hypothesis at the 95% confidence level. † †¢ Type II error. A second possible mistake involves incorrectly failing t o reject the null hypothesis. The power of a test is defined as one minus the Type II error rate, and is therefore the probability of correctly rejecting H0. The sample size plays an important role in determining the statistical power of a test.When statisticians address small sample sizes, they often refer to the power to justify their concerns. One may argue that the sample size would be too low to correctly detect a difference from the hypothesized value, if that difference truly existed. Example of a Test with Low Power Consider a test that compares the mean of a process to a target value. The null and alternative hypotheses are, respectively: H0: Process mean on target vs. H1: Process mean different from target Suppose two observations are collected daily to monitor for a change in the process mean (i. e. , n = 2). Assume a one-sample t-test is carried out at the ? 0. 05 significance level (95% confidence level) and the resulting p-value is above 0. 05. Fig. 1 One-Sample t-Test As is shown in Figure 1, there is less than a 50% chance (power = 0. 4944) such a test will correctly reject the null hypothesis even when the difference between the process mean and the target is six standard deviations. This is obviously an enormous statistical difference, yet the test (owing to the small sample size) would not be sensitive to it. The danger in concluding the process is on target with a sample size of two, for this example, is evident. ImplicationsAssessing and relaying findings in a cogent manner is critical for Six Sigma practitioners. In statistical hypothesis testing procedures, this means that investigators should avoid misleading language such as that which implies â€Å"acceptance† of the null hypothesis. Reference th 1. Ronald A. Fisher, The Design of Experiments, 8 ed. (New York: Hafner Publishing Company Inc. , 1966), 17. Bibliography 1. Lenth, Russell V. â€Å"Some Practical Guidelines for Effective Sample Size Determination. † The Americ an Statistician 55, no. 3 (2001): 187-193. 2. Tukey, John W. â€Å"Conclusions vs. Decisions. † Technometrics 2, no. 4 (1960): 423433.

Friday, January 10, 2020

One-eyed Mother Reaction paper

A very touching, affecting, and inspiring story that we watch, about a one-eyed mother with her daughter that has disrespect, unloved, and disgrace with her. Her daughter feels that her mother is an embarrassment for her which totally shows how that person despised her mother. For a daughter with one-eyed mother, she felts embarrassment, ashamed, and disappointment. She sees the negative side, actually the negative physical aspect of her mother through the years that her mother taken are for her.Just because her mother has a one eye that she didn't even bother questioning on why her mother Just only have a one eye. And that is because of her, her mother donated her one eye for her because her daughter born with Just have a one eye only. And she wants that her daughter didn't experience the feeling of loneliness that her give to her mother. I bother on why and how that daughter treats her parent, mother in that way.Instead of showing disrespect for her mother that is fervently able, s he Just take good care, show support and most especially she must show love and affection. And she does that to her mother through her whole life until she became a mother too. She didn't even bother to give back to her mother for taking care of her, for loving her, and for giving a good education and good life for her. How cruel Is that? For me, I didn't see myself doing that to my parents or even to my loved ones. I am a very lovable and caring person to the persons that I loved.I ant see that my mother feels that way and I can't do that to her because, I loved her so much. No words can express how I love my mom also my dad so; I can't do such thing like hers. Being a daughter you must show the love and affection to your parents because they always sacrifice the thing that they can give to their daughter and son. I felt so much sadness. I learned that you should love your parents or your loved ones unconditionally because It gives the happiness that you need and happiness that the y also need.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

Example of Molar Mass Calculation

You can calculate the molar mass or the mass of one mole of an element or molecule if you know the formula for the substance and have a periodic table or table of atomic masses. Here are some worked examples of the molar mass calculation. How to Calculate Molar Mass The molar mass is the mass of one mole of a sample. To find the molar mass, add the atomic masses (atomic weights) of all of the atoms in the molecule. Find the atomic mass for each element by using the mass given in the Periodic Table or table of atomic weights. Multiply the subscript (number of atoms) times the atomic mass of that element and add the masses of all of the elements in the molecule to get the molecular mass. Molar mass usually is expressed in grams (g) or kilograms (kg). Molar Mass of an Element The molar mass of sodium metal is the mass of one mole of Na. You can look up that answer from the table: 22.99 g. You may be wondering why the molar mass of sodium isnt just twice its atomic number, the sum of the protons and neutrons in the atom, which would be 22. This is because the atomic weights given in the periodic table are an average of the weights of the isotopes of an element. Basically, the number of protons and neutrons in an element may not be the same. The molar mass of oxygen is the mass of one mole of oxygen. Oxygen forms a divalent molecule, so this is the mass of one mole of O2. When you look up the atomic weight of oxygen, you find it is 16.00 g. Therefore, the molar mass of oxygen is: 2 x 16.00 g 32.00 g Molar Mass of a Molecule Apply the same principles to calculate the molar mass of a molecule. The molar mass of water is the mass of one mole of H2O. Add together the atomic masses of all of the atoms of hydrogen and water in a molecule of water: 2 x 1.008 g (hydrogen) 1 x 16.00 g (oxygen) 18.02 g For more practice, download or print these molar mass worksheets: Formula or Molar Mass Worksheet (pdf)Formula or Molas Mass Worksheet Answers (pdf)