Coal in a Nutshell

Coal in a Nutshell Coal is an enormously valuable fossil fuel that has been used for hundreds of years in industry. It is made up of organic components; specifically, plant matter that has been buried in an anoxic, or non-oxygenated, environment and compressed over millions of years.   Fossil, Mineral or Rock? Because it is organic, coal defies the normal standards of classification for rocks, minerals, and fossils:   A fossil is any evidence of life that has been preserved in rock. The plant remains that make up coal have been pressure cooked for millions of years. Therefore, it is not accurate to say that they have been preserved.  Minerals are inorganic, naturally-occurring solids. While coal is a naturally-occurring solid, it is composed of organic plant material.Rocks are, of course, made up of minerals.   Talk to a geologist, though, and theyll tell you that coal is an organic sedimentary rock. Even though it doesnt technically meet the criteria, it looks like a rock, feels like a rock and is found between sheets of (sedimentary) rock. So in this case, it is a rock.   Geology isnt like chemistry or physics with their steadfast and consistent rules. It is an Earth science; and like the Earth, geology is full of exceptions to the rule.   State legislators struggle with this topic as well: Utah and West Virginia list coal as their  official state rock  while Kentucky named coal its  state mineral  in 1998.   Coal: the Organic Rock Coal differs from every other kind of rock in that it is made of organic carbon: the actual remains, not just mineralized fossils, of dead plants. Today, the vast majority of dead plant matter is consumed by fire and decay, returning its carbon to the atmosphere as the gas carbon dioxide. In other words, it is oxidized. The carbon in coal, however, was preserved from oxidation and remains in a chemically reduced form, available for oxidation. Coal geologists study their subject the same way that other geologists study other rocks. But instead of talking about the minerals that make up the rock (because there are none, just bits of organic matter), coal geologists refer to the components of coal as  macerals. There are three groups of macerals:  inertinite, liptinite, and vitrinite. To oversimplify a complex subject, inertinite is generally derived from plant tissues, liptinite from pollen and resins, and vitrinite from humus or broken-down plant matter. Where Coal Formed The old saying in geology is that the present is the key to the past. Today, we can find plant matter being preserved in anoxic places: peat bogs like those of Ireland or wetlands like the Everglades of Florida. And sure enough, fossil leaves and wood are found in some coal beds. Therefore, geologists have long assumed that coal is a form of peat  created by the heat and pressure of deep burial. The geologic process of turning peat into coal is called coalification. Coal beds are much, much larger than peat bogs, some of them tens of meters in thickness, and they occur all over the world. This says that the ancient world must have had enormous and long-lived anoxic wetlands when the coal was being made.   Geologic History of Coal While coal has been reported in rocks as old as Proterozoic (possibly 2 billion years) and as young as Pliocene (2 million years old), the great majority of the worlds coal was laid down during the Carboniferous Period, a 60-million-year stretch (359-299 m.y.a.) when sea level was high and forests of tall ferns and cycads grew in gigantic tropical swamps. The key to preserving the forests dead matter was burying it. We can tell what happened from the rocks that enclose the coal beds: there are limestones and shales on top, laid down in shallow seas, and sandstones beneath laid down by river deltas. Obviously, the coal swamps were flooded by advances of the sea. This allowed shale and limestone to be deposited on top of them. The fossils in the shale and limestone change from shallow-water organisms to deep-water species, then back to shallow forms. Then sandstones appear as river deltas advance into the shallow seas and another coal bed is laid down on top. This cycle of rock types is called a cyclothem. Hundreds of cyclothems occur in the rock sequence of the Carboniferous. Only one cause can do that - a long series of ice ages raising and lowering the sea level. And sure enough, in the region that was at the south pole during that time, the rock record shows abundant evidence of glaciers. That set of circumstances has never recurred, and the coals of the Carboniferous (and the following Permian Period) are the undisputed champions of their type. It has been argued that about 300 million years ago, some fungus species evolved the ability to digest wood, and that was the end of the great age of coal, although younger coal beds do exist. A genome study in Science gave that theory more support in 2012. If the wood was immune to rot before 300 million years ago, then perhaps anoxic conditions were not always necessary. Grades of Coal Coal comes in three main types or grades. First, the swampy peat is squeezed and heated to form a brown, soft coal called lignite. In the process, the material releases hydrocarbons, which migrate away and eventually become petroleum. With more heat and pressure lignite releases more hydrocarbons and becomes the higher-grade bituminous coal. Bituminous coal is black, hard and usually dull to glossy in appearance. Still greater heat and pressure yields anthracite, the highest grade of coal. In the process, the coal releases methane or natural gas. Anthracite, a shiny, hard black stone, is nearly pure carbon and burns with great heat and little smoke.   If coal is subjected to still more heat and pressure, it becomes a metamorphic rock as the macerals finally crystallize into a true mineral, graphite. This slippery mineral still burns, but it is much more useful as a lubricant, an ingredient in pencils and other roles. Still more valuable is the fate of deeply buried carbon, which at conditions found in the mantle is transformed into a new crystalline form: diamond. However, coal probably oxidizes long before it can get into the mantle, so only Superman could perform that trick.

How to Become a Respiratory Therapist

How to Become a Respiratory Therapist For patients who struggle with the most essential thing in the world- breathing- respiratory therapists can be literal lifesavers. The Day-to-DayRespiratory therapists work directly with patients of all ages to manage chronic respiratory conditions like bronchitis, sleep apnea, asthma, and emphysema. They also work with patients who have had heart attacks, infants who were born prematurely, and other patients who suffer from breathing issues. On an emergency basis, respiratory therapists might also treat victims of shock, heart attacks, or drowning to restart breathing after sudden distress.Respiratory therapists typically practice under the supervision of physicians, and work with doctors, nurses, and patients to create and execute respiratory treatment plans. Therapists also handle specialized medical equipment like ventilators and artificial airways for patients who can’t breathe on their own. Respiratory therapists also educate patients on long-term care and managing chron ic conditions. Most of these therapists (about 75%) work in hospitals, but they can also be found in sleep clinics, patient home care, diagnostic laboratories, emergency care centers, eldercare facilities, and other healthcare centers.For more on what it’s like to be a respiratory therapist, check out these videos:Be Something Amazing – Respiratory TherapistWalk in My Shoes: Hospital CEO Turns Respiratory Therapist for a DayLife and Breath- A Presentation of the Respiratory Therapy Career  The RequirementsRespiratory therapists need to have at least an associate’s degree from an accredited respiratory therapy program. Many respiratory therapists also go on to get their bachelor’s or master’s degree in the field. They can get certification via multiple-choice exams offered by The National Board for Respiratory Care- and although this is technically voluntary, at this point 49 states require some form of licensing or certification. Be sure to check your own state to see what’s required of respiratory therapists.The SkillsThe respiratory therapy field calls for a number of special skills and knowledge bases, including:Attention to detailCritical thinkingPatient evaluationAnatomy and physiology (especially cardiopulmonary physiology and pathophysiology)Disease managementMedical technologyThe PayPer the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median salary for respiratory therapists is $56,730, or $27.27 per hour. According to PayScale, the field has a â€Å"very strong† job satisfaction rating among surveyed therapists.The OutlookAs with so many Allied Health careers, the respiratory therapy field is expanding, and will continue to do so. The BLS  expects that the job will grow by at least 12% by 2024, which is faster than average.Interested? APPLY HERE

Analysis the Marine Corps hymn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis the Marine Corps hymn - Essay Example the shores of Tripoli† and â€Å"To the Shores of Tripoli† which are the first two lines of the first stanza had been coined by 1850, part of the Marine Corps lore then. The Marine Corps Hymn features several literary devices that serve to emphasize its message, give its rhythm, and point to the history of the U.S. Marine Corps. I chose to analyse the Marine Corps Hymn for its place in the hearts of the Marine Corps and reassign message to U.S. nationals. The Marine Corps Hymn which has three stanzas tells the story of the pride that officers serving in the Marine Corps have in what they do for their country. While the first stanza is a proclamation of what the Marine Corps do, the second stanza is a declaration of their commitment to the service of the nation wherever and whenever they are needed. The last stanza which takes on a more celebratory tone passes a message of good will to those in service to the nation as Marines while at the same time serving as a declaration that the streets of the U.S. are always guarded by the Marine Corps. The hymn is which makes mention of different settings including the Halls of Montezuma, Shores of Tripoli, far-off Northern lands, and tropic areas is itself set in no particular place or environment. The hymn features the Marine Corpse as the main character. The Marin Corps tell of their character in the hymn. In the verse, â€Å"First to fight for right and freedom† (6), the Marine Corpse present themselves as people who are brave and committed to the good of the nation. One of the literary devices that feature prominently in the hymn is repetition. In every stanza, the phrase United States Marine is repeated. The repetition of the phrase serves to give emphasis to the fact that the Marines are proud of who they are and their service to the country and are greatly committed to their work. This is evident in the lines, â€Å"We are proud to claim the title   of United States Marine† (1). Yet another device that is evidently

SWOT Analysis of Coca Cola and Pepsi Term Paper

SWOT Analysis of Coca Cola and Pepsi - Term Paper Example This paper seeks to compare and contrast the elements of business adapted by the two soft drinks giants, including PEST and SWOT analyses (Elsbach, 2006). Additionally, the paper analyzes the business culture, performance, and other organizational elements of the two giant organizations. Coca Cola and Pepsi share a similar history: an insignificant business from a simple idea that grows to a multi-billion dollar company after a century. Currently, Coca Cola sales in more than 160 countries to over 6 billion people speaking more than eighty different languages. Similarly, Pepsi is a recognized brand in the whole world, operating in numerous countries and actively competing with Coca Cola for market share. Both organization use mass-marketing strategies, focusing on the entire market rather than particular segments. Moreover, both companies offer similar product line to the same industry, thus propagating stiff competition. Both companies are very innovative as far as product packaging is concerned. Coca Cola introduced the airtight bottle concept, a major revolution of in the packaging and bottling industry. Similarly, Pepsi followed suit and introduced different sizes of returnable bottles (Fernando, 2006). The concept of non-returnable bottles, frosted bottles, and cans is attributable to both the giants. SWOT Analysis of Coca Cola and Pepsi Strengths Both Pepsi and Coke have long history of the world culture for quite some time. The products from the two companies represent over-romanticism and fun, an image that majority of people take deeply at heart. In addition, the brands are well recognized throughout the world, a major strong point. This enables them to operate on the global market while maintaining a local approach. Independent business people with authority to sell and distribute Coke and Pepsi products operate and own majority of the local bottling companies. Indeed, Pepsi and Coke have among the largest distribution networks in the world, which is among the strengths of the two companies (Fernando, 2006). Weaknesses Similar to any other businesses, Coke and Pepsi have their own weaknesses. For instance, the cola drinks from the two companies have experienced a significant saturation and subsequent decline in the past few years. This is attributable to the increasing awareness on the contents of the drinks. Nowadays, consumers are more attracted to healthy drinks than carbonated soft drinks, as addiction to cola drinks has an adverse effect on the human body (Czinkota, Ronkainen, and Moffett, 2009). Opportunities One of the factors affecting the competitive positions of Pepsi and Coke is brand recognition. About 94% of the world populations are aware of the two brands. Despite the saturation in North America, the two brands have enormous potential to expand and operate in non-North American market. For instance, per head consumption of Coke in India is only six bottles per head compared to 700 bottles in the United States. The refore, the two companies have potential for expansion (Oppong, 2011). Threats Being the industry leaders, the two companies face significant threats from emerging companies in the industry. Moreover, the companies are facing serious threats of substitute. Consumers are more attracted to healthier drinks, including coffee, tea, milk, hot chocolate, and milk. Nonetheless, the two giants control over 40% of the

Eddie Carbone Essay Example for Free

Eddie Carbone Essay Eddie Carbone is a hard working, caring man but he is also jealous, over-protective and he exaggerates the idea of honour and masculinity which result into his own downfall. He is presented to the audience in contrast when he meets Alfieri compared to in his own house. However still the audience can manage to portray Eddies character by the way he talks, how others react to him and how the stage directions enhance his own actions. Eddies irrational and stereotyping nature can be seen along with his characteristic of respecting others and also honour. When Eddie is sitting beside the desk with his (cap in hand) it can be seen that he has a lot of respect for Alfieri. This trait appeals to the audience that he is not all a bad person and that he does have some good qualities within him. This comes important throughout the play because Miller has had to portray every character with some empathy from the audience otherwise there will be no reason to follow this character. Also, he takes honour very seriously and this can be seen when he tells Catherine the Vinny Bolzano story. This can be applied where Eddie is talking to Alfieri as well. For example, when Eddie is trying to explain to Alfieri the kind of person Rodolfo is, he (takes a breath and glances briefly over each shoulder). This tells us as the audience that he needs to keep things confidential otherwise if this is out into the public, people may already suspect of him doing any wrongdoings later, like snitching. Eddies talks can only go as far as speculative and irrational. He cannot back up anything he says substantially. He makes Rodolfo seem homosexual by, He aint right and If you came in the house and you didnt know who was singing you wouldnt be lookin for him, you would be lookin for her. This shows us that he lacks in articulation and he cant get his words right when he wants to prove something. This gives a strong sense of desperateness from Eddie and that he really wants Alfieri to do something about it. Because Eddie is hot tempered, he needs to be calmed down and Alfieri tries explaining to Eddie about Rodolfo. This is done through God by saying, God mixes up the people. Since Eddie is from an Italian background he would have strong religious beliefs as well. Therefore, Alfieri finds it easy to go past Eddie from religions point of view. However, Eddie replies back (sardonically) showing the audience that Eddie does not want to listen to anyone and that his stubbornness takes over his mind. Alfieri tells him there is no law on his side, and that he understands how Eddie feels, but he has to let Catherine go sometimes there is too much love for the niece but this makes Eddie angry a son-of-a-bitch punk like that I give him my house to sleep! I take the blankets off my bed for him, and he takes and puts his filthy hands on her like a goddam thief! This use of strong language indicates Eddies belligerent character. He is verbally-limited so he uses strong language and this soon comes out into actions when he cant express what he wants to say verbally. He wants to do everything physically which is his masculine attribute. This is very significant as it is the first time Eddie has let his true feelings known, and his raw emotion shows through, illuminating the flaw he retains.

On the Backs of Blacks and Sorrowful Black Death Is Not a Hot Ticket :: Sorrowful Black Death Is Not a Hot Ticket Essays

On the Backs of Blacks and Sorrowful Black Death Is Not a Hot Ticket      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In both Toni Morrison's "On the backs of blacks" and bell hooks' "Sorrowful Black Death Is Not a Hot Ticket" the authors attempt to analyze the role and treatment of blacks in motion pictures. Morrison's essay deals with what she calls "race talk", and defines as "the explicit insertion into everyday life of racial signs and symbols that have no meaning other than pressing African Americans to the lowest level racial hierarchy" (Morrison, 1993). Hooks' essay similarly analyses the issue of death for blacks in movies to which she concludes "that there can be no serious representation of death and dying when the characters are African-Americans." (hooks) In both these essays there are huge errors made in their thinking, and their analyzation.      Hooks, in her opening paragraphs attempts to compare the portrayal of black vs. white death in films. In her comparison she blows all future credibility with critical readers by using examples that obviously don't have any baring on the point she is trying to make. The example she gives for a white death is that of Tom Hank's character in Philadelphia, a homosexual lawyer with AIDS who had taken his firm to court because of their bad treatment towards him because of his disease. For this case she points out that "even before tickets are brought and seats are taken, everyone knows that tears are in order." (hooks) Hooks then goes on to explain that "There is no grief, no remembrance" for the deaths of blacks.   She uses the film The bodyguard for her example of black death, citing the scene where "the sister of Rachel Marron (Whitney Houston) is accidentally assassinated by the killer she has hired" to kill her own sister (Hooks). These two examples have nothing in c ommon. The character in Philadelphia deserved sympathy when he died because he was treated unfairly for a condition he had no control of. The character in The Bodyguard neither deserved nor received recognition for one reason. It had nothing to do with her blackness, that was a non-issue, it was because she was a murderer who in an ironic twist was murdered by the assassin she had hired.

Barriers to Communication Essay

Organisational communication relates to the way organisations adapt themselves to changing environments, externally and internally. The focus is on interaction with stakeholders and within the organisation and with co-workers. In these interactions different perceptions (in meanings and interests) must be dealt with to create common ground. Barriers to communication refers to any kind or form of communication impediment within an organization such as noise, bureaucracy and semantic differences. The organisation that I used to work for is SIRDC and it is primarily involved in scientific research and innovation. It is located around 15kilometres away from town in the Hatcliffe Extension area. The barriers to communication in the organisation include the following: Semantic barriers Did you hear what I meant for you to hear? This has been a frequent statement in the boardrooms! With today’s increasingly diverse workforce, it is easy to believe you have conveyed information to someone, but you are not aware that they interpreted you differently than you intended. Unfortunately, you won’t be aware of this problem until a major problem or issue arises out of the confusion. This usually arises due to the interpretation of different words. Due to the diverse educational and cultural backgrounds [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=backgrounds&%3Bv=56] in my organisation, semantics acts as a hindrance to effective communication as people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56] would argue that we agreed to pursue another option in the last meeting when it was not the case. This is usually prevalent when the business [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=business&%3Bv=56] people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56] in the organisation are discussing issues with the scientists on the viability of their innovations. The organisation has chemists, engineers, marketing [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=marketing&%3Bv=56] personnel, financial analysts, nutritionists, electricians, biotechnologists among many  others. Bureaucracy When organizations are just getting started, their leaders can often prize themselves on not being burdened with what seems as bureaucratic overhead, that is, as extensive written policies and procedures. Writing [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=Writing&%3Bv=56] something down can be seen as a sign of bureaucracy and to be avoided. As the organization grows, it needs more communications and feedback to remain healthy, but this communication is not valued. As a result, increasing confusion ensues — unless management [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=management&%3Bv=56] matures and realizes the need for increased, reliable communications. This was the case when the department that I was under was at its infancy level and this was done to have confidence of other institutes within the organisation, since our department was mainly support in nature. Organisational Structure However, at the organizational level, authority tends to be centralised at the top and this usually results in information taking too long to reach all the employees. The Director-General has the final say in the all the organizational decision making process. The Public relations department is responsible for all the organizational communication even on technical aspects unless the technical people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56] are given the authority to talk to the media. Assumed Knowledge If I know it, then everyone must know it. Perhaps the most common communications problem is managements’ (leaders’ and managers’) assumption that because they are aware of some piece of information, than everyone else is, too. Usually staff are not aware unless management  [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=management&%3Bv=56] makes a deliberate attempt to carefully convey information. This has been the case especially on the technical fields where the managers think that every employee is aware of the â€Å"basics† in the related field. Sometimes, employees will be scared to ask because the boss has already assumed that everyone knows the principles. The result is that the job [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=job&%3Bv=56] is not done properly and incompetence is labeled to the subordinates. Information Ownership Some people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56] within the organisation would not want to share information with others and this has been termed HITES – Holding Information To Enhance Status. This is usually the case in fields such as information technology (IT) where a person is solely employed because of the knowledge of a particular program. If he is to teach others the he loses his expert power and negotiating power within the organisation. Such group of people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56] can make the organisation be at ransom if their demands are not met. Ethnocentricity This is mainly to do with judging people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56] according to one’s culture and thinking. This is a result of diverse cultures and different levels of education [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=education&%3Bv=56] within the organisation. â€Å"Camps† within an organization Camps are usually created based on political persuasion, religious beliefs, as well as on tribal grounds. Since my organization is a parastatal and it is in the President’s Office  [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=Office&%3Bv=56], it is expected that within the organization we should be pro-government. However, some people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56] are known to support other parties, so communication tends to be hindered as one is not so sure how to respond to certain issues raised. Tribal issues tend to hinder communication in my organization as some people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56] feel one tribe is getting the attention of the senior executive in the organization. This has been further worsened in the recruitment exercise for senior posts. Managers failure to recognize the efforts of subordinates If I need your opinion, I will tell it to you. Communications problems can arise when management [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=management&%3Bv=56] simply sees no value whatsoever in communicating with subordinates, believing subordinates should shut up and do their jobs [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=jobs&%3Bv=56] as assigned. This kind of attitude discourages the subordinates and might force them to just leave the mistakes that their superior has done which might be detrimental to the organizational objectives and goals. The attitude of â€Å"I know everything† has retarded the learning [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=learning&%3Bv=56] process in the organization. Inexperienced managers are usually the culprits in this regard as they find no need to communicate with subordinates. So what’s to talk about? Communications problems can arise when inexperienced management [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=management&%3Bv=56] interprets its job [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=job&%3Bv=56] to be solving problems and if they are no problems/crises, then there is nothing that needs to be communicated. Conclusion Effective internal communications start with effective skills in communications, including basic skills in listening, speaking, questioning  and sharing feedback These can developed with some concerted review and practice. Perhaps the most important outcome from these skills is conveying that you value hearing from others and their hearing from you. Sound meeting management [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=management&%3Bv=56] skills go a long way toward ensuring effective communications, too. A key ingredient to developing effective communications in any organization is each person taking responsibility to assert when they don’t understand a communication or to suggest when and how someone could communicate more effectively.

Why Was The Constitution A Controversial Document Even As It Was Being Written?

The United States Constitution was written more than 200 years ago and it has been used as the foundation for the government. The constitution has been and still remains the most durable political agreement in the history of the world. Even though an inspiring document, its creation was not that easy but controversial. Its framers were divided over a number of major issues which led to lengthy arguments when it was being written.After its creation the Constitution still remains controversial. It has turned out to be the epicenter of Civil Rights activism, conflict between state sovereignty and national supremacy, questionable over universal healthcare as well as marriage controversy1. The compromises on the key issues that characterized its genesis are responsible for the controversy of the imperative document. From the beginning of its creation the constitution ideas were divided between the advocates.The advocates understood that that the constitution was an idea of the republican thinking, providing for a new level to the people’s elected government. On the other hand, the critics were convinced that the republicans aligned themselves in small political units, the states. The separation of powers between the central government and the state governments was thus a major controversy as the constitution document was being written and stands out as a crucial issue up to date. The delegates drafting the constitution encountered issues over the state representation.The delegates that were representing bigger states advocated for a population based representation while the delegates from smaller states thought an equal number of representatives for every state was fair leading to the Electoral College2. Despite the agreement, the not all parties were satisfied making it a controversy. The creation of the constitution was strongly debated as some prolific and influential leaders were opposed it. The issue of a two party system was another issue that sparked c ontroversy as the American constitution was being drafted. The delegates failed to accept that it was a two party system.This continued to create a growing rift among the advocates. It led to the separation between advocates for a large and stronger versus those for a small and a weak federal government. Slavery was another controversial issue in the drafting of the constitution. It was not about its abolition, but rather division on to which state the slaves would be counted to in working out a state’s population as well as the amount of property tax to be implemented over the owners3. The government decided to it would not interfere with the slave trade for no less than 20 years, but this move received opposition from the southern.Eventually, another controversy of the constitution was the issue of the citizenship. The written constitution did not clarify what composed citizenship. It did not also deliver the particular rights for a United States citizen4. These issues led to the controversy in the Bill of Rights. The Bill of rights still remains controversial due to the changing times. Conclusion As the constitution was being written ideas were divided between the advocates. The advocates understood that that the constitution was an idea of the republican thinking, providing for a new level to the people’s elected government.The delegates drafting the constitution encountered issues over the state representation. A two party system was another issue that sparked controversy, Slavery as well as issues concerning citizenship formed the controversy of the constitution was being drafted. The U. S. was controversial even as it was being written and will always remain controversial since compromises rise up with time. There are also several interests of various people that cannot be reconciled all of them without compromise.

Hamlet Essays (761 words) - Characters In Hamlet, Free Essays

Hamlet Essays (761 words) - Characters In Hamlet, Free Essays Hamlet HAMLETS MADNESS: Hamlet is mad, feigns madness or his pretense turns into real madness. Outline arguments for all three and discuss. 1.Hamlet begins with guards whose main importance in the play is to give credibility to the ghost. If Hamlet were to see his fathers ghost in private, the argument for his madness would greatly improve. Yet, not one, but three men together witness the ghost before even thinking to notify Hamlet. As Horatio says, being the only of the guards to play a significant role in the rest of the play, Before my God, I might not this believe / Without the sensible and true avouch / Of mine own eyes. (I.i.56-8) Horatio, who appears frequently throughout the play, acts as an unquestionably sane alibi to Hamlet again when framing the King with his reaction to the play. That Hamlet speaks to the ghost alone detracts somewhat from its credibility, but all the men are witness to the ghost demanding they speak alone. Horatio offers an insightful warning: What if it tempts you toward the flood, my lord, Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff That beetles oer his base into the sea, And there assume some other horrible form Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason, And draw you into madness? Think of it. (I.iv.69-74) Horatios comment may be where Hamlet gets the idea to use a plea of insanity to work out his plan. The important fact is that the ghost does not change form, but rather remains as the King and speaks to Hamlet rationally. There is also good reason for the ghost not to want the guards to know what he tells Hamlet, as the play could not proceed as it does if the guards were to hear what Hamlet did. It is the ghost of Hamlets father who tells him, but howsomever thou pursues this act, / Taint not thy mind. (I.v.84-5) Later, when Hamlet sees the ghost again in his mothers room, her amazement at his madness is quite convincing. Yet one must take into consideration the careful planning of the ghosts credibility earlier in the play. After his first meeting with the ghost, Hamlet greets his friends cheerfully and acts as if the news is good rather than the devastation it really is. Horatio: What news, my lord? Hamlet: O, wonderful! Horatio: Good my lord, tell it. Hamlet: No, you will reveal it. (I.v.118-21) This is the first glimpse of Hamlets ability and inclination to manipulate his behavior to achieve effect. Clearly Hamlet is not feeling cheerful at this moment, but if he lets the guards know the severity of the news, they might suspect its nature. Another instance of Hamlets behavior manipulation is his meeting with Ophelia while his uncle and Polonius are hiding behind a curtain. Hamlets affection for Ophelia has already been established in I.iii., and his complete rejection of her and what has transpired between them is clearly a hoax. Hamlet somehow suspects the eavesdroppers, just as he guesses that Guildenstern and Rosencrantz are sent by the King and Queen to question him and investigate the cause of his supposed madness in II.ii. Hamlets actions in the play after meeting the ghost lead everyone except Horatio to believe he is crazy, yet that madness is continuously checked by an ever-present consciousness of action which never lets him lose control. For example, Hamlet questions his conduct in his soliloquy at the end of II.ii, but after careful consideration decides to go with his instinct and prove to himself without a doubt the Kings guilt before proceeding rashly. Even after the Kings guilt is proven with Horatio as witness, Hamlet again reflects and uses his better judgement in the soliloquy at the end of III.ii. before seeing his mother. He recognizes his passionate feelings, but tells himself to speak daggers to her, but use none, as his fathers ghost instructed. Again, when in the Kings chamber, Hamlet could perform the murder, but decides not to in his better judgement to ensure that he doesnt go to heaven by dying while praying. As Hamlet tells Guildenstern in II.ii., I am but mad north-north-west: when the wind is southerly I know a hawk

2017 Redesigned PSAT Registration

2017 Redesigned PSAT Registration Sophomores and juniors across the country always get a little bit nervous when October rolls around because they know its PSAT test time. And if they dont know, their parents are probably going to remind them. If youre one of those students biting your nails to the quick, dont sweat it. Although, the Redesigned PSAT takes place for the third time ever in October of 2017, you really dont have to do too much to complete your PSAT registration. Heres what you need to know to secure your registration and make sure you take the test that could qualify you for a National Merit Scholarship. Important Redesigned PSAT Registration details: The 2016  PSAT Test dates are Wednesday, October 11, 2017, Saturday, October 14, 2017, or Wednesday, October 25, 2017.The PSAT registration fee is $16 in 2017, although you may not pay anything at all because some schools cover the cost of the entire test for their students. Some schools, however may charge you an additional fee to cover administrative costs, so check with your school counselors before you pony up the money.  When are PSAT scores released?You can get a fee waiver if youre in 11th grade, from a low-income family, and cant afford the testing fee. You will need to meet certain requirements in order to establish your familys income, however, so be sure to read the fee waiver link before testing.  You do not need to register by yourself. Your guidance counselors will set up the registration for you. If PSAT registration is not brought to your attention in school, simply go to your counselor and request to be regtstered for the PSAT.  If you miss the test for some reason and still want to know how youll fare on the SAT, you can ask your counselor for copies of the Official Student Guide to the PSAT/NMSQT or the SAT Preparation Bookletâ„ ¢. If youre home-schooled and would like to take the test, just contact your local public high school to make arrangements - its your right to take it, so theyll get you the appropriate registration information.If you have a disability and require accommodations, they are available to you, but they can take weeks to be accepted. Its important that you start the request early so there is enough time for the College Board to complete your request. You can submit the requests online or with your schools help. Heres the info to do that.   Before You Take the PSAT Before you decide to complete your PSAT registration, you should do a few things. First,  learn the Redesigned PSAT basics. This test is completely different than the old PSAT that your older brothers and sisters have taken. The  PSAT Math Section,  PSAT Reading Section  and  PSAT Writing and Language Section  are all brand new. So what did you miss? If you have no idea what any of these changes are, take a peek at this chart:  Old PSAT vs. Redesigned PSAT.   You can prepare for the PSAT easily with Khan Academy. They provide free PSAT prep to anyone who signs up to ensure that anyone who is interested has equal access to test prep and can score his or her personal bests.

International fashion marketing Research Proposal

International fashion marketing - Research Proposal Example What are the competencies of the business that need outsourcing? Also, what is the importance of aggregation, adaptation, and arbitrage business strategies in the new market? As such, this are some of the questions that this case study seeks to answer. A concise conclusion on the same will also provide an insight on exploring new international markets. International marketing calls for a critical evaluation of the business’ ability to satisfy the customers’ needs. The business need to evaluate how capable it is in ensuring the achievement of this goal. In order to survive in the emerging markets therefore, the business needs to establish a strategic plan, customer strategy, growth strategy, improvement on technology strategy, customer strategy, and source of finance plans (PWC, 2014). In foreign markets for instance, the organization selling cosmetics can establish globalization business strategies to enable it to survive. The strategies include aggregation, adaptation, and arbitrage. Aggregation refers to duplication of domestic business model in the new international market so as to secure cost benefits when handling products in bulk. The strategy tends to focus largely on the economies of scale (Kluyver, n.d.). The technique seeks to achieve efficiency globally by increasing the level of standardization of the product and the production process (Kluyver, n.d.). Therefore, a manager of the firm ensures that the organization obtains economies of scale to enjoy the aggregation process. For the cosmetics, the business can achieve this through using the same distribution channel. Also, the business should use the same marketing mix in each country, have a standard website, and encourage ethnocentrism. Adaptation is a strategy that a business achieves by providing goods or services that are competitive and advantageous in the international markets. The technique enables a business to improve on